Review Articles Hemorrhage Sepsis Microvascular Dysfunction Proof of Concept Other References
Please see Bibliography of References for a list of abstracts, manuscripts and posters.
StO2 Proof of Concept

Tissue oxygenation measured with near-infrared spectroscopy during normobaric and hyperbaric oxygen breathing in healthy subjects
Larsson A, Uusijärvi J, Lindholm P. Annual Scientific Meeting of the Undersea and Hyperbaric Medical Society (UHMS); June 18-27, 2008 Salt Lake City, UT. [Abstract]

Near infrared spectroscopy measurement of sacral tissue oxygenation saturation (StO2) in healthy volunteers immobilized on spine boards
Baumchen J, Gurss E, Hennes E, Nyberg S, Berg-Copas, GM. In Proceedings: 5th Annual Symposium: Graduate Research and Scholarly Projects. Wichita, KS: Wichita State University; 2009:76-77. [Abstract]

A study of muscle tissue oxygenation and peripheral microcirculatory dysfunction in cirrhosis using near infrared spectroscopy
Thomson SJ, Cowan ML, Forton DM, Clark SJ, Musa S, Grounds M, Rahman TM. Liver Int. 2009. [In press] [Abstract]

Anaesthesia induced changes in tissue saturation in response to vascular occlusion test
Ranjan S, Thomson S, Tuccillo ML, Addei A, Hagger R, Rahman T, Al-Subaie N, Hamilton M. Int Care Med. 2009;35(Suppl 1):S157. [Abstract]

Effects of positive end-expiratory pressure on tissue O2 saturation in an animal model with and without hypoxemia
Lima A, Bikker I, Van Bommel J, Ince C, Bakker J. Int Care Med. 2009;35(Suppl 1):S155. [Abstract]

Use of near-infrared spectroscopy on finger during a vascular occlusion test to assess the dynamic tissue O2 saturation response
Lima A, Alamyar M, Bakker J. Int Care Med. 2009;35(Suppl 1):S205. [Abstract]

Simultaneous multi-depth assessment of tissue oxygen saturation in thenar and forearm using near-infrared spectroscopy during a simple cardiovascular challenge
Bezemer R, Klijn E, Karemaker J, Ince C. Int Care Med. 2009;35(Suppl 1):S27. [Abstract]

Effect of pharmacologic vasodilation on skeletal muscle oxygen extraction
Simon P, Mesquida J, Suffoletto B, Gomez H, Kellum J, Pinsky M. Crit Care Med.2009;37(12, Suppl):A88. [Abstract]

Changes in skeletal muscle oxygenation during exercise measured by near-infrared spectroscopy on ascent to altitude
Martin D, Levett DZH, Mythen M, Grocott MPW. Crit Care. 2009;13(Suppl 5):S7. [Abstract]

Simultaneous multi-depth assessment of tissue oxygen saturation in thenar and forearm using near-infrared spectroscopy during a simple cardiovascular challenge
Bezemer R, Karemaker JM, Klijn E, Martin D, Mitchell K, Heger M, Ince C. Crit Care. 2009;13(Suppl 5):S5. [Abstract]

Assessment of tissue oxygen saturation during a vascular occlusion test using near-infrared spectroscopy: the role of probe spacing and measurement site studied in healthy volunteers
Bezemer R, Lima A, Myers D, Klijn E, Heger M, Goedhart PT, Bakker J, Ince C. Crit Care. 2009;13(Suppl 5):S4. [Abstract]

Characterization of tissue oxygen saturation and the vascular occlusion test: influence of measurement sites, probe sizes and deflation thresholds
Gomez H, Mesquida J, Simon P, Kim HK, Puyana JC, Ince C, Pinsky MR. Crit Care. 2009;13(Suppl 5):S3. [Abstract]

Tissue hemoglobin index: a non-invasive optical measure of total tissue hemoglobin
Myers D, McGraw M, George M, Mulier K, Beilman G. Crit Care. 2009;13(Suppl 5):S2. [Abstract]

Noninvasive tissue oxygen saturation measurements identify supply dependency
George ME, Beilman GJ, Mulier KE, Myers DE, Wasiluk KR.Noninvasive tissue oxygen saturation measurements identify supply dependency. J Surg Res. 2009. [In Press] [Abstract]

Use of non-invasive NIRS during a vascular occlusion test to assess dynamic tissue O2 saturation response
Gomez H, Torres A, Polanco P, Kim H, Zenker S, Puyana J, Pinsky M. Int Care Med. 2008:34(9):1600-1607. [Abstract]

Changes in thenar eminence StO2 measured using near infra-red spectroscopy suggest ischaemic preconditioning in a repeated arterial occlusion forearm ischaemia model
Sen A, Martin D, Grocott M, Montgomery H. Crit Care. 2008;12(Suppl 2):S28. Abstract P70.. [Abstract]

Metabolic changes following standardized handgrip exercise correlate with global anaerobic threshold
Hamilton MA, Pate JS, Luery H, Mythen MG, Ackland GL. American Society of Anesthesiologists Annual Meeting; October 13-17, 2007; San Francisco, CA. [Abstract]

The correlation of near-infrared spectroscopy with changes in oxygen delivery in a controlled model of altered perfusion
Putnam B, Bricker S, Fedorka P, Zelada J, Shebrain S, Omari B, Bongard F. Am Surg. 2007;73(10):1017-1022. [Abstract]

Acute effects of smoking on skeletal muscle microcirculation monitored by near-infrared spectroscopy
Siafaka A, Angelopoulos E, Kritikos K, Poriazi M, Basios N, Gerovasili V, Andreou A, Roussos C, Nanas S. Chest. 2007;131(5):1479-1485. [Abstract]

Influence of mild hypothermia and rewarming on near infrared spectroscopy derived tissue oxygen saturation
Ali SZ, Taniguchi Y, Zmoos S, Kurz A. Eur J Anaesthesiol. 2006;23(Supp S37):216. Abstract A-837. [Abstract]

Determinants of post arterial occlusion reoxygenation measured by NIRS
Amathieu R, Heyer L, Bonnin P, Payen D. Int Care Med. 2006;32(Supp 1):S253. Abstract 979. [Abstract]

Can near infrared spectroscopy measure the effect of pressure on oxygenation of sacral soft tissue?
Keller BP, Schuurman JP, van der Werken C. J Wound Care. 2006;15(5):213-217. [Abstract]

The correlation of near-infrared spectroscopy with changes in oxygen delivery in a controlled model of altered perfusion
Putnam B, Bricker S, Fedorka P, Zelada J, Shebrain S, Omari B, Lipsky A, Lewis R, Bongard F. 17th Annual Scientific Meeting of the Southern California Chapter of the American College of Surgeons; January 20-22, 2006; Santa Barbara, CA. [Abstract]

Sublingual NIRS and reflectance spectrophotometry: new methods to monitor sublingual oxygen availability
Atasever B, van der Veen A, Goedhart P, de Mol B, Ince C. Crit Care. 2005;9(Supp 1):S29-S30. Abstract P73. [Abstract]

Near infrared spectroscopy for measuring muscle oxygenation
Crenshaw AG, Jensen BR. International Federation for Medical and Biological Engineering 13th Nordic Baltic Conference on Biomedical Engineering and Medical Physics; June 13-17, 2005; Umea, Sweden. [Abstract]

Noninvasive method for measuring local hemoglobin oxygen saturation in tissue using wide gap second derivative near-infrared spectroscopy
Myers DE, Anderson LD, Seifert RP, Ortner JP, Cooper CE, Beilman GJ, Mowlem JD. J Biomed Optics. 2005;10(3):034017. [Abstract]

Reliability of near-infrared spectroscopy in people with dark skin pigmentation
Wassenaar EB, van den Brand JG. J Clin Monit Comput. 2005;19(3):195-199. [Abstract]

Relationships between skin and muscle SO2, and other physiological variables in normal subjects
Ives CL, Harrison DK, Stansby G. Microcirculation. 2004;11(6):527. [Abstract]

Tissue oxygen supply determined by microvascular oxygen saturation (SO2), blood flow (BF) and subcutaneous tissue pO2 (PsqO2) during whole body heating and normobaric hyperoxia in healthy volunteers
Sommer N, Sharma N, Taguchi A, Kurz A. 21st Congress on Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation of the German Society; October 20-25, 2002; Ulm, Germany. [Abstract]

Near-infrared and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopic assessment of tissue energetics in an isolated, perfused canine hind limb model of dysoxia
Beilman GJ, Myers D, Cerra FB, Lazaron V, Dahms RA, Conroy MJ, Hammer BE. Shock. 2001;15(5):392-397. [Abstract]

Comparative hemoglobin oxygen saturation values measured by Hutchinson Technology (HTI) NIR Tissue Spectrometer and IL482™ CO-Oximeter in forearm muscle
Ortner J, Gallea B, Myers D, Seifert R (HTI Internal Study 1996) [Abstract]





The InSpectra™ StO2 Tissue Oxygenation Monitor provides a noninvasive, continuous, real-time, and direct measurement of hemoglobin oxygen saturation in tissue (StO2), providing trauma teams the ability to measure tissue oxygen saturation and monitor it during resuscitation. It is the only perfusion status monitor designed for trauma environments. The InSpectra StO2 Tissue Oxygenation Monitor uses near infrared light to illuminate tissue, and then analyzes the returned light to produce a quantitative measurement of oxygen saturation in the tissue's microcirculation.

The StO2 Trauma Study researched the role that tissue oxygen saturation monitoring could play in hemorrhagic shock and resuscitation. Study results demonstrate that StO2 measurements less than 75% may indicate serious hypoperfusion in trauma patients and that StO2 functions as well as base deficit in indicating hypoperfusion in trauma patients.