Below is our most recent evidence.  To view a complete list of references, view our full citation list.

Low StO₂ is Associated with Poor Outcome

Cohn et al. J Trauma 2007 
Early StO₂ of ≤75% is associated with organ dysfunction and early mortality.  Noninvasive StO₂ was as predictive as base deficit obtained from an arterial blood sample.

Lima et al. Crit Care 2009
Low StO₂ in resuscitated critically ill patients is associated with significantly higher organ failure.

Incidence of StO₂ ≤75%

Veening et al. Crit Care 2010
30% of ICU patients resuscitated to target vital signs continued to have StO₂ ≤75%. These patients have higher mortality.

Ardolic et al. Annals of Em Med 2010
20% of ER patients waiting for a medical bed continued to have StO₂ ≤75% even though they were treated and achieved target vital signs.

StO₂ Guided Treatment

Miner et al. Crit Care Med 2010
StO₂ guided resuscitation in ER undifferentiated shock patients resulted in shorter ICU and hospital length of stay.

Loukas et al. 31st ISICEM 2011.
StO₂ guided blood transfusion in OR/ICU cardiac patients resulted in 40% reduction of patients receiving blood.